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September / October 2000
Corroboree 2000 - and BeyondThe Right Honourable Malcolm Fraser AC CH delivered The 5th Vincent Lingiari Memorial Lecture on the 27th August at the Casuarina Campus, Northern Territory University. Below are reprinted extracts from Mr Fraser's speech. After acknowledging the Larrakia people, the traditional owners of the area, Mr Fraser also acknowledged representatives of the Guirindi people who had travelled great distances to hear the lecture which honours the memory of their great Gurindi elder. "Tonight my remarks are directed primarily to non-indigenous Australians." Reconciliation is not something that will happen on one day in one particular year. It is an ongoing process which involves both government and people. But as we close out the 1ast millennium and begin the next, as we end the Commonwealth of Australia's first one hundred years and begin the next, it is more than a little sad that we have not yet in this year achieved a significant landmark which enables us to say: From this point onward, reconciliation is assured, from this point onward we are building the reality of Australians united in a common purpose. I was in the Sydney Opera House when Mick Dodson gave his address at Corroboree 2000. He spoke of the reality of his lifetime and of the lifetime of people in that audience and of the reality of the archaic attitudes and racist thought that had dominated much of his experience, especially in his early life. There are some who suggest that the darkest hours of Australian history belong to the remote past, something that may have happened in the nineteenth century, certainly not something that happened in our lifetime or in the lifetime of people whom we have known. Mick Dodson made it plain that that perception is incorrect. Here let me appeal again to my fellow non-indigenous Australians. It is hard to realise that the history we were taught of a great empty land being settled by brave explorers was largely false. It is hard for us to understand that the real history of Australia was quite different from that which we were taught as children. It might be harder still for some of us who have known people of influence and respect, who participated in policies which today we regard as outdated, barbarous, cruel and racist. Stolen GenerationPolicy stated that children of mixed-race were to be removed under the assumption that it was best for the child, regardless of individual family circumstances. It would be interesting to know what Paul Hasluck thought of such policies in the 1 970s when he was the Governor General. The policy was plainly alive through the war years in Curtin and Chifley's time. It was equally plainly operating through Menzies' time and one of Menzies' strongest ministers was in charge of the policy. We can't say it happened beyond the memory of today's Australians. We cannot say it happened in a past age. These events were continued after we and many other states had accepted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Clearly the test of those "human rights" was not put against the policy of removal. Today we find these policies abhorrent. They are totally outside our understanding and our belief in "human rights". If we wish to advance the cause of human rights in Australia and internationally, we have to accept that that will only come through our own actions and through international instruments. Through much of my political life I accepted the view of noted lawyers, that our system of law, derived from Britain and the development of common law best protected the human rights of individuals. I now believe that our own system has so patently failed to protect the "rights" of Aboriginals that we should look once again at the establishment of a "bill of rights" in Australia. Is there a problem with the term "Agreement"? We already have agreements. The Northern Land Council has published a useful briefing paper on some of these aspects. It is worth recording that a number of agreements are already in place. There is one in Cape York, there are a number of registered agreements before the Native Title Tribunal. Other agreements have been negotiated by Land Councils. Non-indigenous Australians need to recognise that the overwhelming number of us have charge of our own lives in ways that many indigenous Australians do not. We only have to look at the main differences in terms of life expectancy and health. The difference between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians is great . . . Indigenous Australians receive a substantially lower level of health care services in many areas, despite being in greater need. Self GovernmentLet us move to self-government. This does not relate to setting up a separate state. It doesn't relate to establishing a separate sovereignty, to the division of this country. Aboriginal leaders have spoken overwhelmingly of their wish to contribute to Australia. They have not spoken of separation. Self-government can apply to running your school, running local community health centres and services, or perhaps a cultural association, matters which might in some cases be undertaken by local government. Our activities in recent times have diminished Australia and damaged the United Nations. On both counts it is unfortunate. The best course with United Nations bodies is full and open disclosure. Three years ago the rapporteur for the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination was not allowed to come to Australia. The Committee was told that a visit would be inadvisable, unacceptable, inappropriate. Hardly the best way to get a good report. If we want to avoid criticism we should put our house in order. If the treatment of the original inhabitants of Australia by the white settlers represents the darkest hour in Australian history, the rejection of what many Australians would regard as justified criticism of Australian policies by international institutions, in a way which puts jingoistic nationalism over and above the concept and ideal of human rights, is a step into the past which we should not have taken. Role of GovernmentLet me speak to the Role of Government. There have been some suggestions that in the future reconciliation must become more and more a peoples movement. In one sense people have responded to that by marching with their feet. But in another sense, it is wrong. Issues of race are always the hardest to resolve, especially when the issue involves property. They are most unlikely to be resolved by the initiative of citizens alone unless those citizens so hound their politicians that the politicians become frightened not to act. But that happens rarely. 50,000 people in Brisbane, 250,000 in Sydney, 55,000 in Adelaide and 20,000 in Hobart represent a good start, and Governments should take note. This is an issue on which votes will change. But it is the government that is informed, it is the government that is meant to have all the facts, it is the Government whose files contain the evidence of the past that today we condemn. In a matter so critical to the future of society and the future of Australia, it is not reasonable to say the community must lead. The community and its actions are an important component but it is the government that must be to the fore and persuade all Australians that we must act with greater expedition and with greater generosity. Government, if not this, another, will set the pace. Mandatory sentencing is one issue where only the government can act. I understand both the Prime Minister and the Attorney-General, Daryl Williams, have said that they are personally opposed to mandatory sentencing. We should recognise and accept the fact that the condition of young Aboriginals and their communities is, in significant measure, the consequence of past government policy. These underlying causes should be attacked and mandatory sentencing abolished. Amidst the disappointments, which are substantial, we should not forget that substantial and material progress has (been) and is being made. That it is not as much as we would want is not a reason to be disheartened. Progress made is a reason to continue to use our powers of advocacy to convince Governments that Governments must act and, if Government will not act, this is a matter on which people must act to secure a government that will. The dignity and self-esteem of Australia demand it. Peace returns to Bondi (back to top)One of the Eastern Suburbs favourite pieces of public art, the peace mural at Bondi Beach Public School, has been brought back to life. First painted in 1986 during the International Year of Peace, it was appropriate that its relaunch coincided again with a push for peace - this year is the United Nations' International Year for the Culture of Peace. In late 1998, a storm tore apart several panels of the mural and caused extensive damage to the piece. School principal Margaret McKenzie said it was simply 'fabulous" to watch the mural being brought back to life by the students and its original artist, Carol Ruff. "The students (from years 3 to 6) were very interested, some showed quite a bit of talent and an eye for detail," Mrs McKenzie said. "This really was very popular and a project the school has been wanting to do for the past couple of years." Funding for the restoration came from the school community and a grant from Sydney Water Corporation. "It is exactly the same, except for some minor details," Mrs McKenzie said. "The poem (on the mural) was originally written by a student in 1986 and the cultures of the students were woven into the design of the mural." Over its 14 year life, the mural has been popular among locals and tourists, with many people taking the opportunity to be photographed with a symbol of peace. Hiroshima Never Again (back to top)Once more rallies were held around the world to commemorate the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In Sydney the rally was used to condemn the latest "Star Wars" plan by the United States. The rally also condemned the Federal government for ignoring the June 29 resolution of the Australian Senate which calls on the US not to deploy its Nuclear Missile Defence Scheme. The Mayor of Hiroshima, Tadatoshi Akita, wrote to the APC and commended from his heart our effort for peace. He said: "It has been 55 years since one single atomic bomb created a hell on earth". "The 20th century is distinguished from previous centuries by the fact that our science and technology have created concrete dangers that threaten the very existence of humankind. Nuclear weapons are one such danger. Global environmental degradation is another. They are both problems we have brought upon ourselves, and both are problems that we must actively solve." "Having called on the world to abolish nuclear weapons, Hiroshima wishes to make a new start as a model City demonstrating the use of science and technology for human purposes." Government Must Say No to National Missile Defence (back to top)The USA is the only country thinking about defending its territory against strategic attacks by intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). The US Congress has voted to allow the Pentagon to move forward the National Missile Defence ((NMD) systems - a version of the Star Wars program of the 1980's - "as soon as technically feasible." The impetus behind the renewed emphasis on NMD in the US has stemmed mainly from concern lest small "rogue" states under control of irrational people might (a) acquire intercontinental rockets complete with mass destruction heads and (b) use them for warlike confrontation. Missile defence systems may be able to give the US a temporary sense of absolute security, but such a sense of security would be nothing more than an illusion. Missile defence is not an answer to weapons of mass destruction. It can only lead to global erosion of mutual trust and co-operation between major powers and to the destruction of international as well as regional peace and stability. Peace Groups say No!There is world-wide concern between peace groups over the proposed deployment of the NMD system. APC branches have been part of a national and international campaign opposing it. The APC now asks for your support. After two failed tests the Pentagon has put the brakes on the next test of the NMD system until early next year. President Clinton has said he was not prepared to commit the $US100 billion needed. In other words he has passed the arms race baton onto his successor. The peace movement can take some satisfaction in the decision knowing that Clinton was fully aware of the growing concern and the pressure being put on the Pentagon, by peace organisations world-wide, to put a stop to the NMD system. However if Republican George Bush is elected as the next US President, the peace movement must keep applying the pressure. In Australia it is important that the Federal Government is not coerced into aiding and abetting the US by allowing it to use the facilities at Pine Gap. The Government must be encouraged to follow the guidelines of the Canberra Commission. It is vitally important to keep this campaign going. Please WriteWrite to Alexander Downer, Minister of Foreign Affairs and express your grave concern about the NMD systems. If the Pine Gap facilities were to be used as part of the NMD then that facility would be a prime target for a nuclear attack. Points to use in your letter:
The first and second missile defence tests failed at a cost of about $US100 million each. The failure of the test lends immense weight to the argument for banning nuclear missiles. Also it buys time to reverse the ominous trends that threaten to end the decades of struggle against government policies that would have the world on the brink of extinction. Apology made by John Howard on the 3rd of July on National TV (top)Any other John Howard who wishes to make this announcement should apply for copyright permission here, which will be granted immediately. "Good evening. My name is John Howard and I'm speaking to you from Sydney Australia, Host City of the year 2000 Olympic Games. At this important time, and in an atmosphere of international goodwill and national pride, we here in Australia - all of us - would like to make a statement before all nations. Australia, like many countries in the New World, is intensely proud of what it has achieved in the past 200 years. We are a vibrant and resourceful people. We share a freedom born in the abundance of nature, the richness of the earth, the bounty of the sea. We are the world's biggest island. We have the world's longest coastline. We have more animal species than any other country. Two thirds of the world's birds are native to Australia. We are one of the few countries on earth with our own sky. We are a fabric woven of many colours and it is this that gives us our strength. However these achievements have come at great cost. We have been here for 200 years but before that, there was a people living here. For 40,000 years they lived in a perfect balance with the land. There were many Aboriginal nations, just as there were many Indian nations in North America and across Canada, as there were many Maori tribes in New Zealand and Incan and Mayan peoples in South America. These indigenous Australians lived in areas as different from one another as Scotland is from Ethiopia. They lived in an area the size of Western Europe. They did not even have a common language. Yet they had their own laws, their own beliefs, their own ways of understanding. We destroyed this world. We often did not mean to do it. Our forebears, fighting to establish themselves in what they saw as a harsh environment, were creating a national economy. But the Aboriginal world was decimated. A pattern of disease and dispossession was established. Alcohol was introduced. Social and racial differences were allowed to become faultlines. Aboriginal families were broken up. Sadly Aboriginal health and education are responsibilities we have still yet to address successfully I speak for all Australians in expressing a profound sorrow to the Aboriginal people. I am sorry. We are sorry. Let the world know and understand that it is with this sorrow, that we as a nation will grow and seek a better a fairer and a wiser future. Thank you." Although some of our readers have read or heard John Howard's now famous speech, from the ABC Show 'The Games', it is enriching to see it in print and to keep it for future reference. St Anne's Primary School, Bondi (back to top)Are you the one that's going to stand up and be counted?It's been a while since the Warumpi band asked this question in the song "Black Fella, White Fella" but it lives on in the classrooms and offices at St. Anne's primary school in Bondi. The song has been rerecorded by singer Jimmy Little who will be dropping in to St. Anne's as part of an innovative program focusing on the reconciliation during Jubilee 2000. "We wanted to touch on a topic that was meaningful to Australians and because Reconciliation is on the political, social, health and educational agendas we wanted to tackle this issue and give it prominence": says Principal Gabrielle McAnespie. The program has a three pronged approach focusing on students, staff and the parent community and was designed by three indigenous women and the school's executive. Visits by indigenous performing artists and excursions are booked and students across the school have begun reading novels by indigenous writers which look at issues like the stolen generations, racism, living in black communities and deaths in custody, as well as exploring contemporary and traditional cultures. Staff were asked about what outcomes they wanted and throughout the year Indigenous and non-Indigenous speakers are visiting the school to talk about their experiences of living and working in Aboriginal communities at staff meetings and professional development days. Parents are targeted through the school's newsletters via Jubilee reflections and reprinted material focused on the current debate. New Anti-Personnel Landmines Systems (back to top)According to recent reports from Human Rights Watch, the Pentagon is pursuing a replacement for antipersonnel landmines with a battlefield-override system that allows the weapon to be victim-activated. This feature turns the weapon into an indiscriminate killer unable to tell a soldier from a civilian. Each year 26,000 people are killed and maimed by landmines - many of them women and children. The Pentagon is now developing the means to combine antipersonnel and anti-tank mines into a mixed system called RADAM. Both systems are in clear violation of the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty, which the US government still refuses to sign. Appeal Of the World Peace Conference 2000 to Peace Movements of the World (back to top)We the participants of the World Peace Conference convened by the World Peace Council (WPC) and kindly hosted by the Greek Committee for International Detente and Peace (EEDYE) from May 10 to 12, 2000 in Athens, appeal to the peace movements of the world to work together globally for a 21st century of peace and security. There still exist around 30,000 nuclear warheads in the world. It is a first priority towards a 21st century for the world peace movement to realise a world without nuclear weapons. The 1st resolution of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (1946) demanded a total destruction and prohibition of atomic weapons. This original demand of post-war politics has to be urgently realised. We demand an unequivocal commitment by all nuclear weapon states for the elimination of nuclear weapons, and the commencement of negotiations for the conclusion of a treaty to totally ban nuclear weapons. We call for concrete measures for disarmament: (a) Establishment and enlargement of nuclear weapon free zones (NWFZ), (b) a total ban on all forms of nuclear weapon tests, (c) abandonment of a policy of pre-emptive and first use of nuclear weapons, (d) de-alerting and separating warheads from their delivering system. We call for a campaign for the reduction of military expenses in solidarity with social and labour movements for a better life and welfare, and development. In Africa, the arms trade is accelerated by regional conflicts. Those who generate tensions are selling arms and profiting from it. We demand the restriction and ban on arms trade and the control of light weapons. We reject the militarisation of the EU and the installation of its intervention force. Chechenia crisis have to be solved peacefully. For a New World Order of PeaceThe Charter of the United Nations, based on the lessons of World War II, states that its purpose is to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and that conflicts and problems are to be solved by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law as well as of non-interference into internal affairs. It is our central task of world peace movements towards 21st century to defend a world order of peace based on these principles. United Nations Organisations should function according to their stated principles. The war of NATO against Yugoslavia which was designated a humanitarian intervention was an open military intervention that violated the UN Charter and the sovereignty of Yugoslavia. It was the implementation of NATO's new strategic doctrine that overthrows basic principles of International Law. The ministerial meeting of non-aligned countries in 1999 firmly rejected interference into internal affairs of a country under the name of "humanitarian intervention". However, the US administration and NATO leadership declared in public that they will carry out pre-emptive attacks against nations in case of "humanitarian" necessity. US and other military bases situated in other countries create various problems and negative influences. The extra-territoriality of its military activities infringe upon the life and human rights of residents as well as the sovereignty and security of host countries by vital accidents, crimes, noise, pollution, and other environmental problems. We support peoples' movements against a privileged status for foreign US troops, for restriction of military activities of foreign bases, compensation for damages to people's lives and their elimination, environmental protection, reduction of bases and their removal. We call for international cooperation and exchange with broad forces putting aside different opinions on the issues of military alliances. Under the name of "Globalisation", an international order only beneficial for trans-national companies, is being forced onto peoples of the world, and it is seriously damaging socio-economic development of third world countries, peoples' lives, agriculture, natural resources, and natural environment. Thus it seriously affects national sovereignty. Annual Report of the UN Development Program (1999) emphasising the harmful effects of "globalisation" stating that the international gap in income and living standards has become "grotesque". Fighting under-development, in particular through disarmament, we call for promotion of worldwide co-operation in solidarity with people fighting against the negative effects of economic, financial and commercial globalisation. "The weight of the debt is a destructive weapon against development" (UN general secretary). We are in solidarity with "Jubilee 2000" for cancelling the debt of developing countries without any political and economic condition. In violation of international Law, embargoes and blockades are utilised as a method to enforce serious damage on people. We demand the lifting of the illegal usage against Cuba with the Helms-Burton Law by the US. There is also growing public opinion opposing sanctions imposing too much suffering on people in particular on children and women as in the case of Iraq and Yugoslavia. The Independent state of Palestine, its recognition and admittance as a frill member state of the UN, should be realised prior to the Millennium Summit in September 2000. We appeal to peace movements to support that proclamation. We call upon all nations individually and through the UN to affirm their support for this. Cyprus reunification should be achieved based on the UN resolutions without further delay. Culture of PeaceThe history of 20th century shows that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia, fascism, neofascism, and neo-colonialism have been serious causes of war and human rights violation. It is an important task of the peace movement to fight against all forms of these tendencies. We support the struggle of indigenous people for their rights to their land, identity, and self-determination. We call upon all peace movements to cooperate and work together for the above mentioned tasks and demands, towards a 21st century of peace and security, instead of the present world order of war and intervention. (Extracts from the Appeal.) New International Initiative by Women Peacemakers (back to top)Across the globe, women are deeply involved in peace efforts in the most violent areas of the world. One hundred of those women working to prevent violent conflict, stop war, reconstruct ravaged societies and sustain peace in fragile regions joined forces to launch a global initiative entitled "Women Waging Peace", which convened for the first time last December in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The project is the brainchild of Swanee Hunt, a former US Ambassador. The goal of "Women Waging Peace" is conflict transformation, and activists are prepared to take to the streets, capture the airwaves, or run for office to achieve their aims. The Madres de Plaza de Mayo in Argentina and the women of Northern Ireland - known to the world thanks to Amnesty International and the Nobel Peace Prize - are symbols of thousands of others who work successfully, but with little recognition. Delegates selected were from: Azerbaijan and Armenia, Boston's troubled urban neighbourhoods, Colombia, Cyprus, India and Pakistan, the Palestinian occupied territories, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Sudan, and the Post-Yugoslav region. The widely diverse delegation met at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government for two weeks to create an ongoing and expandable global network; exchange their expertise in coalition building; sharpen political, media, and Internet skills; and brief policymakers and potential funders on their work. The network will provide information and technical assistance to ensure the widest dissemination of its most current successful strategies as well as encourage the development of new ones. Thais Corral, WEDO Vice President and head of the Brazilian organisation REDEH (the Network in Defense of Humankind), participated in several working groups. These included the Successful Strategies Working Group, which discussed how the women peace-builders document the strategies they use in their home communities. Corral, who is currently doing postgraduate work at the Kennedy School of Government, also took part in an information technology session and a panel on Models of Women's Leadership where she shared WEDO's history and experience in global caucus building and monitoring. Women represent a tremendous resource in peace making at the community level. But unfortunately, women activists are almost always excluded from the negotiating table. They are often forced to work in global isolation, a small minority within the power structure of their countries, and without adequate means to make global connections with women doing similar work in other countries. As a result, women in conflict areas are too often portrayed by the media as victims, while their crucial roles as leaders are ignored. The "Women Waging Peace Initiative" is designed to bring this work to the forefront and to close the gap between what happens at the policy table and on the ground. It demonstrates the power of partnerships and interconnectedness, as well as the importance of structural changes necessary to bring the voices of women waging peace to policy shapers. Working under the umbrella of the "Women and Public Policy Program" at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, the group plans to publish a handbook and create a repository for new ideas addressing conflict transformation. (From WEDO News and Views) To learn more, visit the WWP website: www.womenwagingpeace.net MAPW East Timor Project (back to top)Tom Clemens, IPPNW Australia The Medical Association for Prevention of War (MAPW) is the Australian affiliate of IPPNW. MAPW is currently involved in a project to provide primary health care advice and training to the people of East Timor. Australian ComplicityMany Australians feel a sense of responsibility for the horrific events that have occurred in East Timor over the past 25 years. East Timor is literally on Australia's doorstep, yet we have repeatedly ignored the plight of the East Timorese. During World War II, when the Australian army was fighting the Japanese in East Timor, the Timorese supported the Australians. As a result, tens of thousands were slaughtered in reprisals by the Japanese army. However, even when our own journalists were killed by Indonesian invasion forces, the Australian government refused to condemn Indonesia. It has subsequently became clear that the Australian government was more concerned about getting access to the oil in the Timor Sea and maintaining a friendly relationship with Indonesia than acting to oppose the violence and loss of life in East Timor. MAPW InvolvedIn the aftermath of the East Timorese referendum, militia gangs ran riot, killing, raping and looting. In an unprecedented move, and after lengthy discussion, MAPW joined other NGOs and community groups in calling for Australian military intervention in East Timor in the form of a peacekeeping force to stop the violence. The Australian-led peacekeeping mission in East Timor has since come to an end and has seemingly been a success; however, the more difficult task of building a nation has barely begun. MAPW does not have the resources of some of the larger NGOs, such as the Red Cross or Medecins Sans Frontieres who have large contingents of people on the ground in East Timor. However, among our membership, MAPW comprises considerable expertise in diverse areas of health, as well as connections with all medical schools in Australia. We anticipate a role in organising training of health personnel and perhaps the sponsoring of East Timorese medical students at Australian Universities. After meeting with representatives of the Timorese leadership in Australia and seeking the advice of experts in Timorese health and culture, MAPW has chosen to take a collaborative approach to this project, rather than rushing in with our own ideas of what East Timor needs. We plan to send a representative of MAPW to East Timor in mid-2000 to meet with the East Timorese leadership and health providers and to assess the nature of the health problems. (Source: Vital Times) Letter of Protest (back to top)The Central Coast's Peace Forum Secretary, Jack Forward, has written to a number of MPs, to protest against the new Bill passed in Parliament. We have learned via the media that a Bill allowing the use of military personnel against civilians in protests and demonstrations was passed by the House Of Representatives on June 27th. Disgracefully without any prior public discussion. Using troops to suppress political disturbances undermines the centuries-old principle that armed forces must not be mobilised against the civilian population. In 1910 the Chief Constable of the County of Glamorgan in South Wales asked for troops to deal with rioting miners. The Home Secretary had to accede but Winston Churchill was so horrified that troops would shoot civilians he stopped their despatch and sent a detachment of Metropolitan Police armed only with rolled up mackintoshes instead. The only casualties were a few bloodied noses. The House of Commons severely criticised the Home Secretary saying "Wales would never forget the shooting down of civilians". The Australian Army's relations with the public are excellent but if they are deployed against civilians those good relations would not survive. Only trained police can enforce the law. Troops are trained for a different role. Of course this Bill will be welcomed by all tyrants in other countries because it will give a democratic country's implied blessing to the use of the military against civilians by those despotic regimes. We can hardly complain to the Chinese Government about its use of military force against civilians in Tibet and Tienanmin Square nor can we condemn the Burmese Junta's use of bullets against its public dissenters if we use soldiers against civilians. The Bill should be rescinded if not thrown out by the Senate for good. Will you please draw our concerns to the attention of the government. US Conducts Nuclear Tests (back to top)The US has conducted its first three subcritical nuclear tests in the year 2000. Part of a series of 14 tests, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Oboe 3 was detonated on February 3 at the Nevada Test Site. Oboe 4 was tested on April 6, making it the eleventh subcritical test conducted since the US signed the CTBT in 1996. The Los Alamos Test Thoroughbred was also tested this year on March 22. Source: Vital Signs |
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